The seeds of division within the NCP were planted during the founding of the party itself. Consequently, divisive tendencies appeared in the party within two years of its formation, a tendency that continued unabated over the years. The unexpected removal by the party politburo in 1952 of the then general secretary Pushpalal and the election of Manmohan Adhikari to the post formally inaugurated the misunderstanding, dissensions, and inner conflicts in the party. The main objective of the discarded Pushpalal became to oppose the injustice perpetrated upon him and to have him reinstated to the same post. This led to, as one of its outcome, the process of division in the party.
The ban imposed on the NCP five years previously was lifted in 1956 by the then Prime Minister Tanka Prasad Acharya. The party at the time issued a press release expressing its commitment to “accept constitutional monarchy and engage in the propagation of socialist ideology through peaceful means. (Press release of Nepal Communist Party on Baisakh 3, 2014 B.S.) The questions have been important for ideological causes for the divisions in the party.
In the year 1956, the then general secretary Manmohan Adhikari had to visit China to participate in the eighth general convention of the Chinese Communist Party. In the absence of Adhikari, Dr. Kesharjung Rayamajhi was made the acting general secretary of the party. As Adhikari incidentally had to extend his stay in China for medical reasons, Dr. Rayamajhi got himself established in the party’s leadership, and the party general convention that followed elected him to the post of general secretary in 1957. Over time, Dr. Rayamajhi metamorphosed into a royal agent and destroyed the communist movement in the country. In the context, Rayamajhi welcomed the Royal action of December 15, 1960 as a “progressive step”. (Bhim Rawal, Communist Movement in Nepal.